unit 1 media

 Explain that you understand the question. 5 marks for theory and terminology 10 marks for examples, 5 marks for argument. gather examples from media products (social media, games, film) media effects- passive audience theory, hypodermic syringe, Adorno and Horkheimer (1947) passive theory, cultivation, Gross and gerbner (1976) DESENSITISATION, prolonged exposure, for and against in each paragraph Stanley cohen (1972) moral panic, mass media causes fear. Demonises specific groups. Active audience theories-  Denis McQuail (1972), uses and gratifications, escapism, surveillance, building personal relationships, building personal identity Encoding/Decoding model, preferred, negotiated, opposed. Fandom, Henry Jenkins (2012), organised and motivated audience of a certain media producer franchise. End of the traditional audience (Clay shirky, 2008) internet and digital technologies have changed the relations between media and audiences, forums.

 Start LO3 question, this could be to debate a statement or answer a question. Always link back to question. In the introduction state the product you have studied. Steve Neale (1980) suggests that genre work on repetition and difference, use the product you have studied and refer back to the question. GIVE EXAMPLES FROM THE PRODUCT (explain the instances of repetition and difference) Rick Altman (1999) states that genres have different pleasures that entertain the audience, emotional, visceral, intellectual. Jason Mittell (1999) says genres are exploited by media producers so products are financially successful. Genre exploits audiences that enjoy certain types of films. David Buckingham (1993) says genres are in a constant process of change and negotiation. relate to how your product has changed. Claude-Levi strauss (1958) binary opposition, two opposing forces fuel a story. Pam Cook (1985) cause and effect, basically means that something happens to trigger another event. Todorov...

 edititng techniques- long/short takes- a long take is a shot that appears as one take in the finished product by using elaborate blocking and camera movements. Short takes are a brief recording or something such as a short film, it also means a very short piece of recording. continuity of shot- The continuity of a shot is where the blocking of a character or prop in one scene will match in the next scene. action match- transitioning between two events or concepts which are similair in action or movement. transitions- transitions are a way to move from one scene to the next. establishing shot- An establishing shot is often an extreme long shot which will show the location or setting of a scene. master shot- A master shot will show all the pieces and characters that are within a scene. insert shot- a shot that's used to direct attention to something within a scene. cutaway/ parallel shot-cutaway shots can cut to another aspect of a scene or be used to put two takes together more sea...

 Neale- R&D Metz- ExClaPaDe Altman- syntactic rules, semantic visuals Todorov- Every Driver Ram Raids Retail Strauss- binary, 10101 adorno and horkheimer- hypodermic needle packard-

 Adorno and Horkheimer- the hypodermic syringe model They noted there were similarities between Nazi propaganda and what was called the culture industry in America. They theorised that pop culture in America was factory produced standardised content which was used to manipulate a mass audience. They argued that 'dumbed down' content made people passive and created psychological needs that could only be fulfilled by that content, feeding into the capitalist nature of the states. Packard- advertisers manipulate an audience to buy things they don't need. mass media were perceived as an extreme influence towards audiences adapted behaviour.  gaming-  People who frequently play violent video games like Call of Duty show neural desensitization to painful images, according to study (psypost.org) film-  How Terrifier 2 Used A Negative Horror Trope To Its Advantage (screenrant.com) tv shows- 10 Moronic Teens Who Were Killed Mimicking 'Jackass' - Listverse bandura experiment ...

 1. Steve Neale believed there needed to be repetition and difference in a genre to make films entertaining. 2. Christian Metz said that there were 4 stages to creating a genre: experimental, classic, parody, deconstruction 3. Altman commented on the 3 types of pleasures: visceral, intellectual and emotional. syntactic and semantic.  4.Todorov said there was a cycle films follow: equilibrium-> disruption->realisation-> repair-> restoration 5. Strauss used binary opposition in order to tell a story. (good and evil)

 The cycle of changes a genre goes through in their lifetime. 1. experimental stage- The beginning phase of a genre, how foundations are built (generic codes and conventions). 2. classic stage-codes and conventions of a genre get seen as iconic. These become guidelines. 3. parody stage- when the codes and conventions are so well established and accepted that people begin to mock them. 4. deconstruction stage- the genre begins to evolve and merge with others.

 All genres contain instances of repetition and difference. Difference is vital to the economy of a genre. A film must match certain conventions and stereotypes in order to be considered a film of that specific genre, however, must subvert them enough to be considered unique. By following certain conventions and stereotypes it makes it financially safer to release a film as it is going to be enjoyable to the public

  The Black Phone- In the film the black phone, we can see a very clear presence of Todorov’s narrative theory and Strauss’ theory using binary opposition.   At the start, there is equilibrium , this being a normal town in America. We open on a baseball game being played by a group of kids, this being a normal activity, it can be considered equilibrium. The disruption is when kids start going missing more frequently and eventually the main character is taken. During this stage we get to see altmans theory working with visceral and intellectual pleasure, as there is an air of mystery about the person nicknamed “the grabber” and his real identity. Visceral pleasure comes from the frightening scene of the main characters capture, including a struggle between the main character and the antagonist. The antagonist is made with Strauss’ binary opposition theory as he is doing something inherently evil, this being kidnapping, he also uses black balloons and obscures his face, le...

 horror, action, thriller, romance, comedy, romantic comedy, musical, drama, documentaries, biopic, fantasy, sci-fi, superhero main components-  music, camera shots, actors, dialogue, lighting Rick Altman (1999) audience pleasures, Semantic/syntatic approach. Syntactic- relations between these elements and the structure of narrative in genre. Semantic- communicating the conventions of the genre such as characters, location and props. emotional pleasures- make you happy/ sad etc. visceral pleasures- physical reaction or feeling from the audience. intellectual pleasures- makes the audience think

 Claude Levi-Strauss was a structural anthropologist who studied structures within our society. he used the idea of binary opposition to tell stories. the difference in the colour of the flags connotes good and evil, the colour of the horses are also lighter on the left.

5 stage narrative theory (1969) equilibrium-> disruption->realisation->repair->restoration scream equilibrium- normal high school students disruption- people start being killed similair to the main characters mother realisation- people identify it is the same person that killed main characters mother repair- The killers are revealed to be friends of the main character resolution- killers are killed game of thrones scene, continuity techniques-  Game of Thrones Season 6: Episode #9 Clip - Battle of the Bastards (HBO) - YouTube shot reverse shot, battle of the bastards- used to show two characters speaking or looking at one another. in this case it is used to show the conflict between the two groups as there is tension in the air and they are on opposing sides. directional continuity- The character is facing to the left so they move off to the left of the screen. Eyeline match- This eyeline match shows a power struggle between the 2 characters as they are on the same leve...

  Job role Brief description Pre-production production Post production Game designer Imagines everything about the game, including plot, characters, visual designs and layouts yes no no Game developer Create a playable version of the designers ideas no yes no Game artist Creates 2D or 3D visual elements in video games yes no no Game animator Take 2D and 3D designs and make them move no yes no Game play tester Plays the game to find obvious bugs and ensure the game functions as intended no no yes Audio engineer Edit, mix and produce the soundtrack for the finished game no no yes Casting director Casts voice acto...

 WARP films are an independent film company based in Sheffield and London, it was founded by Steve Beckett and Rob Mitchell. WARP made the 2006 film "This is England". The film was distributed by a company called optimum releasing, which later rebranded to be called studio canal. The film titled simply "this is England" was released in 2006 before the series called "this is England '86" which was released in 2010. A few other series were also released under similar tiles over the course of the next few years. This is England was directed by Shane Meadows who also directed the multiple series. The film itself centres around a 12-year-old boy called Shaun played by Thomas Turgoose who lives in a grim coastal town. Shaun's father also died in the Falkland's war leaving him without a father figure. The Falklands war was an undeclared war between Spain and the UK in 1982 which spanned 10 weeks, it was over two British dependant territories in the so...

 The magazine cover connotes intelligence and power, as the lighting is placed overhead, it creates stronger and sharper shadows going downward, connoting confidence. The facial expression is very stoic and wise looking. The colour in the background also connotes wisdom or perhaps calm as the colour blue represents tranquility or knowledge. His outfit is also smart casual showing that he isn't trying to impress anyone but still presents himself nicely

 based on the first 5 minutes of the clip, I can tell that it is set in 2000s London, as great British pounds are used, and it is set in a built-up area of Britain. The business of the streets creates diegetic effect, making it feel as though it is actually in London and not staged. I can identify that this is Britain in the 2000s based off of the casual clothing of passersby and the old 20-pound note used in the beginning. when the man gets hit by the car, we see a POV shot from his perspective, of people looking down in evident concern, showing that the hit wasn't intentional on the driver's part. The close up of smirk the man gives before stepping out into the road implies he could possibly be doing it on purpose. This full shot of the 2 shows their friendly nature through proxemics as they are both sat facing each other with no seats between them, this suggests friendship as they're not close enough to be considered in an intimate relationship. The woman being stood at ...

 Stranger things is set in the 1980s, the way they convey this is through using props like Walkmans, rather than phones, it also uses the appropriate music from the era in order to tell us the year. We are also shown the time through the characters style, which is incredibly reminiscent of the 1980s. the discussion of dungeons and dragons being satanic worship is also another indication of the times as people were more naive and didn't like things they weren't familiar with. these kind of people assist with diegetic effect. the peoples attitudes and clothing being verisimilitude. I can tell that the genre of this show is a thriller as the trailers are very intense and it shows off it's science fiction theme with the upside down being displayed. the upside down is made believable as its very similar to the real Hawkins but with a dark twist which was made on set.  the appearance of the upside down indicates danger through use of colour and the costume design of vecna, who lo...

  media sector                             company                                 product/brand film marvel The avengers film DC Justice league television HBO Game of thrones television AMC The walking dead Radio The global media company Capital FM Radio BBC BBC radio Video games Ubisoft FarCry series Video games Electronic arts battlefield Print and publishing News corporation group The sun Print and publishing Harpercollins publishers UK Skulduggery pleasant Web and online technologies Apple ...

  working title films is an independent company that was formed in 1984, this company only creates films. Disney on the other hand, creates lots of separate media products, such as; games, TV shows and films. This shows the difference between an independent company and a conglomerate clearly as the independent company only specialises in one field and doesn't own any other companies, Disney however owns multiple other franchises and film studios, owning big names like marvel and Lucasfilm (star wars).  working titles most notable films- hot fuzz, baby driver, last night in Soho. Disney subsidiaries- Walt Disney animation studios, ESPN, Pixar, Marvel studios, Lucasfilm, national geographic Some advantages to having an independent company such as working title films are that it can give actors more opportunity for creative input, it can also give actors chances at bigger roles. independent film also allows for more overall freedom for the director. Disadvantages of an independen...

  conglomerate-a corporation of several different, sometimes unrelated businesses. these are made up of subsidiaries of one big parent company. independent company- an independent company may belong to a sole proprietor , a partnership, or a select group of several owners. public service model- a company that delivers services beneficial to public interest. joint venture- when one media company works with another on a project that is mutually beneficial distribution- how a brand reaches an audience and marketing/promotion. vickery and hawkins- suggest independent companies license their films to distribution companies who will release them on their behalf. vertical integration- a strategy whereby a company owns or controls it's suppliers , distributers, or retail locations to control its value or supply chain. the pros of this is then there could be no need to rely on suppliers or distributers and it can result it lower costs, there is also the potential to monopolise the market. C...